Water-heater or low-pressure steam-boiler



(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

D. E. HOWATT.

WATER HEATER 0R LOW PRESSURE STEAM BOILER.

No. 431,354. I Patented July 1, 1890.

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(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2.

D. ELI-IOWATT. WATER HEATER 0R LOW PRESSURE STEAM BOILER. No. 431,354. Patented July 1. 1890.

WITNESSES I IJVV TOR I /9 (9. M 37 M THE. NORRIS warns cm, wuuwmma. mswmsran, u, c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID E. HOVATT, OF HYDE PARK, NEW YORK.

WATER-HEATER OR LOW-PRESSURE STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. {131,354, dated July 1, 1890.

Application filed February 28,1890. Serial n. 342,091. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, DAVID E. HOWATT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hyde Park, in the county of Dutchess and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ater-Heaters or Low-Pressure Steam-Boilers; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to water-heaters or low-pressure steam-boilers in which continuous vertical water-spaces extend from the fire-box to the top of the heater in the novel manner hereinafter described; and the objects of my improvements are, first, to provide by the depth of the eorrugate vertical cells the largest possible heating-surface in contact with the water compared with the size of the grate or fire-box; second, to produce not only a continuous water-space without a break from the bottom to the top of the boiler, but also at the same time to form a continuous upward passage for the heat and gases without a change in direction or a brake in the draft; third, to facilitate the rapid and free circulation of the heated Water by having a uniform volume of water along the heating-surfaces and by giving it an uninterrupted upward flow in a direct open course along the heating-surfaces from the bottom to the top of the boiler, and, fourth, to combine these advantages of great heating-surface, direct upward passage of water and heat, and rapid circulation in a boiler that may be constructed with only three parts and few joints. I attain these objects by the device illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of my heater, showing it ready to be set in place for use. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of my heater, cut through the center on an axis extending from the middle of the ash and fire doors backward; and Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the heater on lines 3 3, cut so as to show one half above the corrugate and the other half through the same corrugate and to indicate clearly the relation of water-cells to fire-spaces or heating-surface.

Similar letters refer to similar parts th rough= out the views.

A represents the upper or outer shell of the boiler, and B the outlet-shell of the lower sec= tion.

0 represents the inner ring of the lower section for inclosing the fire-box. V

a, b, and crepresentthe joints of these two parts of the boiler, which may be readily faced after casting and easily packed and repaired.

(1 represents the closed bottom surface of the water-cells of the corrugate, which extends far enough beyond the corrugate-cells to form the joint b c onthe fire-box O.

E is a base, of any form or material desired, adapted to support the fire-box section B 0 within flange e and on the shoulder f, which also ma'kesa support for the grate F.

M and N represent ordinary fire and ash doors for B and E, respectively. Between the fire-door M and the fire-box C is the extension K, dividing the water-leg O, which, with the exception of this door-space, surrounds the fire-box.

G represents the surface of iron of the deeper corrugate between fire-space and water-cell, and H the surface of the shorter corrugate-division between the same.

I represents the smoke-pipe extension of the smoke-flue or center of fire-space of the corrugate extending through the outer shell A at J The grate maybe shaken or dumped conveniently by a hand-lever S and the wa-' ter introduced by the pipe R at any convenient point. So, also, the hot-water outlets Q Q may be varied in position to suit the set-' ting of the boiler; but it facilitates the circulation of the heated water to have the outlets Q Q in the top of A rather than on the sides.

Several features of my novel arrangement of the corrugated heating-surface of the boiler require special mention,because of the marked advantages arising therefrom. The corru gate, as is shown in Fig. 3, makes alternately the longer water-cell G and the shorter one H, the

proximate surfaces G G having between them a space of only three-quarters of an inch to an inch and a half about the small vertical smoke-flue extending from the fire-box to the top of the heater. The water-cells of the corrugate formed by G II are closed at the bottorn by the base d, and in turn the fire-spaces on the opposite sides of G H are covered at the top by the top plate P. The heat from the fire-box, therefore, can go directly upward along the deep-water cells of the corrugate without a change of direction and any consequent loss of heat. So, also, the water in the outside cells G II of the corrugate is not only directly above the fire-box, from which it is separated by the base d, but it is brought closely and evenly in contact with the fire-spaces for the whole height of the boiler. Into these fire spaces the heat is forced by the contraction of the water-cells at G G about a small direct smoke-flue corresponding in size with its outlet I, and preventing any wasteful escape of heat directly to the chimney without its first having been carried along the deep-water-cell surfaces G H. If it be desired to force the heat from the fire-box still more to the outside of the corrw gate, a damper might be adjusted to partially close at the bottom the direct flue-space leading into I; but in practice this would hardly be necessary to insure a high degree of economy. Indeed, the center flue may be still further contracted by reducing the number of the corrugate-cells and by bringing the proximate interior points of the corrugate closer together. This contraction of the central opening tends to force the heat ,up through j the larger spaces near the outer circumference of the corrugate, which constitutes one of the chief advantages of my invention.

This boiler should in practice be somewhat higher in proportion to its width than is shown in the drawings,which makes the upright column of water (represented at O 0) less broad, thus facilitating the rapid heating and circulation of the water.

From the foregoing description of the various parts of my heater and from an examination of Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings, itis evident not only that the wateris very evenly distributed along the heating-surfaces, but that the draft and circulation are both unimpeded from the bottom to the top, thereby greatly economizing the heat. There is no friction, therefore, offered by the construction of the boiler to reduce circulation of either heat or water in its upward or outward movement. The water-cells of the corrugate being deep and evenly distributed over almost the entire grate-surface, there is an even application of heat to all the watersurfaces of the heater not obtainable in the ordinary water-heater.

the boiler is such that very few joints and only three parts are used in the manufacture of the boiler proper, leaving no shelves or;

The construction of' rents of water caused by uneven degrees of heat on the heating-surfaces.

The boiler may be made of cast or wrought iron, the formerbeing preferable for the use of the hot water and the latter for the use of steam. The shape of the heater is such as to insure strength against pressure, and the open method of casting admits of a ready detection of thin or defective spots. In short, I combine in my heater, which is especially adapted to the smaller class of buildings, simplicity, strength, ease of working, and an immense amount of heating-surface, all of which are direct in their action on the water and are a third or more greater than in the ordinary boiler.

.WVhat I claim, therefore, as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A water heater or low-pressure steamboiler having an outer shell and an inner deep corrugate alternating with a corrugate'of less depth, forming vertical water-cells and heatfiues, the former being closed at the bottom over the fire-box. and the latter closed at the top and terminating in a central smoke flue or chimney, substantially as described.

2. A water-heater or low-pressure steamboiler consisting of an upper and outer shell A, an inside vertical deeply-corrugated section alternating with a corrugate of less depth contracted at the center equally down to the top of the firebox, the fire-spaces or smokeflues between the deep corrugates being as large or larger as they approach the outer circumference of the corrugated boiler-section than they are near the center of the section, whereby the heat is prevented from escaping too rapidly at the center and is forced outward and evenly against all parts of the corrugate, as and for the purpose specified.

3. In a water-heater or low-pressure steamboiler, the combination of a vertical deep corrugate alternating with a corrugate of less depth, forming adjacent water-cells and heat fiues, the former being closed at the bottom over the fire-box and the latter closed at the top, each having its proximate interior points 4:- In a water-heater or low pressu-re steam-- boiler, the combination of a base or ash section E, containing a grate, the fire-box section B 0, having a water-leg between B and O, the upper outer shell A, and the inner deep corrugate alternating with a corrugate of less depth and constructed with its vertical water-cells closed at the bottom over the fire-' box and its corresponding heat-fiues closed at the top and terminating in the central smoke flue or chimney I, as and for the purposes described.

5. A water-heater or low-pressure steamboiler consisting of the base E, the fire-box IIO section B G; having a Water-hub R leading mating at the top in a smoke-flue I, all as and I0 to the Water-leg O, the outer shell A, having for the purposes described.

the Water-hubs Q Q, and a smoke-pipe outlet In testimony whereof I affiXmy signature in J and an inner vertical deep corrugate alterpresence of two Witnesses.

mating with a corrugate of less depth @011- strueted above the fire-box, as described, and DAVID E. I-IOYVATT. having the heating-fines G H alternating W'itnesses: with corresponding deep-Water cells equidis- CHAS. MITCHELL,

taut from each other at any point and termi- C. H. ARNOLD. 

